Fragrant Conflict Steinbeck quot;Chysanthemumsquot;...

Within Steinbecks story, Chrysanthemums, the main character, Elisa Allen, is confronted with many instances of conflict. Steinbeck uses chrysanthemums to symbolize this conflict and Elisas self-worth. By examining these points of conflict and the symbolism presented by the chrysanthemums, the meaning of the story can be better determined. The first time the reader encounters conflict occurs when Elisa is tending to her chrysanthemums in her garden. As she works, Elisa handles the flowers with care and compassion; she makes certain that nothing will come to harm them as though they were her own children; No aphids were there, no sowbugs or snails or cutworms. Her terrier fingers destroyed such pests before they could get started.†¦show more content†¦In this meeting, the tinker, a nomadic man, comes to Elisa and admires her flowers. Since the chrysanthemums represent interests, the tinker is essentially admiring Elisa, and at the same time he is filling the void of attention that Elisa is yearning for; this then causes Elisa to resent her husband, but at the same time she recognizes her beauty. After she gives the tinker some chrysanthemums, Elisa takes a bath, scrubbing herself with a little block of pumice, legs, thighs, loins and arms. (278) Once done, she admires herself in the mirror. She tightened her s tomach and threw out her chest. (278) This encounter gives Elisa a new direction. As a result of the encounter, she not only gains a new sense of value for her self, but as she, ...worked carefully on her hair, pencilled her eyebrows and roughed her lips, (278) she is thinking that the lack of romance in her marriage may be dissolved. The chrysanthemums are used symbolically when there is conflict between Elisa and herself. Elisa and her husband go to spend an evening together to celebrate the sale of some livestock. On the way to dinner, Elisa is still feeling revived by her encounter until: Far ahead on the road Elisa saw a dark speck. She knew. She tried not to look as they passed, but her eyes would not obey. She whispered to herself sadly. He might have thrown them off the road. That wouldnt have been much

BX2091 Field Trip Report Example Essay - 1620 Words

BX2091 Tourism Leisure Management – Field Trip Report | Pulau Ubin BX2091 – Tourism Leisure Management List of Contents 1. Introduction to Pulau Ubin 2. Leisure industries obligations and operations towards sustainable tourism and leisure activities 2.1. Commercial (Private) sector 2.2. Government (Public) sector 3. Sustainability management issues – Pollution (Environmental) 3.1. Water pollution- Oil leakage 3.2. Improper disposal of waste 3.3. Carbon emission 4. Sustainability management issues – Displacement (Socio-cultural) 5. Recommendations for Sustainable Management (Tactics) 5.1. Pollution (Environmental) 5.1.1. Water pollution – Oil leakage 5.1.2. Improper disposal of waste 5.1.3. Carbon emission 5.2.†¦show more content†¦3.1. Water pollution- Oil leakage Pulau Ubin is only accessible via a 10 minutes bumboat ride from Changi Point Ferry Terminal. These bumboats may dispose excess oil into the sea and with this inconsiderate act; it pollutes the marine habitat as they are not able to retrieve sunlight to produce food as the layer of oil hinders them from doing so. 3.2. Improper disposal of waste With the increase of tourist activities in Pulau Ubin, improper disposal of waste has seen a rise. Walking on the coastal boardwalk of Chek Jawa, items such as bottles and plastics bags were spotted. It is an alarming issue of pollution as not only it is unsightly to tourists but it may be harmful to living organisms as they could not produce food from the sunlight as these plastic pollutants impede their food making process. 3.3. Carbon emission Mode of transportation within the island is limited. Tourists either rent bicycles or rent a van for touring purposes. As the island is abundant with natural habitats and living organisms, these carbon emissions from the van is a source of pollutant. Not only if may affect the livelihood of flora and fauna, the quality of air for the locals will be compromised. Cases of respiratory-related problems will be on a rise due to constant exhalation of this poor air quality. 4. Sustainability management issues – Displacement (Socio-cultural) Next, Displacement would be the second sustainability management issue that I will be

Importance Of Primary Education For Childern Analysis Education Essay Free Essays

Primary instruction is the basic and first right of every child.Its handiness and proviso is non merely the duty of province but parents and families. Primary instruction brings consciousness among the multitudes, opens avenues for chances every bit good self-advancement and betterment and reduces chronic and inter-generational poorness. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance Of Primary Education For Childern Analysis Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a first measure in the creative activity of public assistance and merely society, cosmopolitan primary instruction is an absolute pre-requisite for sustainable development. Every individual kid that means misss every bit good as male childs should be able to finish full class of primary instruction. In order to vie with the environing universe, kids are prepared from really early childhood. Equally early as four or five old ages, the kids grew up in the place, where they seek advice about how household life, and how to interact with people in general pretence. But life and the competition and the whole universe, life and excel in the upcoming one in ulterior life. General instruction in assorted subjects is indispensable to supply each of which is primary instruction for kids. Primary instruction is mandatory for pupils on life, where all the related subjects the basic cognition and necessary, which may include numeration, word formation and apprehension of general moralss, norms and criterions of cognition around. Primary instruction is normally started earlier, in some states, such as baby’s room categories in other counties is the first measure the chief baby’s room. All kids to instruction, the usage of this very petroleum and professional life around the universe, they have to cover with in ulterior life information. This is in all states, all of the plans and classs to take compulsory position and kids with linguistic communication, art, scientific discipline, mathematics and other facets of life, particularly the basic cognition of faith, introduced mandatory instruction. Primary instruction normally ends at ten old ages old as 5th class pupils through their tests. Started within this period of clip, so that all pupils in the community to work as a category and how to cover with and obey the general apprehension in society. Other than this subject is the most of import facet is secondary in these initial experiences to beef up vocational instruction in the former watercourse. Yet basic instruction in hapless states like Pakistan is in crisis. 67 % of kids ( aged between6-10 ) go to school ( 72 % male and 62 % female ) 57 % literacy rate ( 69 % male and 45 % female ) Thousands of new trained instructors are needed today to supply childern with a nice instruction There are so many grounds for kids to lose school, but poorness is the chief 1. Parents can non afford school fees, uniforms and books sum. Most of communities may non hold adequate resources to run a school.In most of rural countries, schools are at long distances which make kids to avoid them and particularly it makes impossible for misss. The account for misss ‘ exclusion is n’t simple. In different cultural values boys get precedence when it comes to instruction. Girls are kept place to assist with child care and family working.They do non bask the same freedom of motion as male childs. It is of import for the Government of Pakistan to do excess attempt by running more plans and educational prioritized policies to accomplish Millennium Educational Development Goals set under the declaration signed in 2000. This subject is chosen to pull attending of every person to endeavor together for the development of simple instruction which can be guided by the analytical model provided in claiming the Millennium-Development-Goals. The survey will enable us to happen impact of different factors set uping the accomplishment of Millennium-Development-Goals for instruction. It besides includes plans and policies used to accomplish the spreads and achieve maximal achievement of ends. To reason, it will foreground the jobs associating to this issue and giving solutions to them. 1.2 Importance of research rubric: The end of accomplishing cosmopolitan primary instruction is particularly of import because educational attainment has been noted as a cardinal facet to overall economic growing ( Gupta et. al. , 2002 ) . To mensurate advancement towards this end, the United Nations has chosen three indexs of primary cosmopolitan instruction: Universal Literacy, Universal Primary Enrollment and Universal Primary Education Completion. Additionally, the United Nations has called for Gender Parity, or the equal representation of males and females, in primary instruction as a portion of a separate end meant to advance gender equality and empower adult females. As the deadline for finishing the MDGs has been set for 2015, developing states must set up the most efficient ways to accomplish these ends with the limited resources available. The primary aim of this subject is to reexamine the extent to which-and how-educational developments are reflected in national MDGs-based development schemes and policies in Pakistan, in order to place critical spreads and challenges, and to see what can be learned from these experiences to do betterments in accomplishing ends. The subject, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . 1.3 Brief reappraisal of position of instruction in Pakistan since its birth: Since the birth of Pakistan, in last 63 old ages different comprehensive paperss and policies at national degree on restructuring and betterment of instruction system were produced in different old ages 1959, 1972, 1979 and 1992. Yet, the limited economic resources, hapless grasp of instruction precedences, unequal committedness, and improper execution of Torahs and deficiency of response from the people ne’er allowed the coveted transmutation to take topographic point. In 1998, the so authorities, made an understanding to this basic duty, by denoting the policy on 27th March 1998. The National Education Policy 1998 was formulated to transform the Pakistani state into an educated, cultured, integrated, cohesive entity that can vie and stand up to future challenges. The two of the chief aims that were set under this policy were to universalise primary instruction for the kids, young person and grownups by the twelvemonth 2010 through non-formal attack and to achieve cosmopolitan literacy rate. In September 2000, at the United Nations HQ in New York City, merely after two and half old ages of national instruction policy for Pakistan was devised, 189 states from across the universe signed the Millennium Declaration to accomplish minimal criterion of quality of life. Pakistan was besides one of them. Eight Millennium-Development-Goals were agreed to accomplish the aims of the Declaration by 2015 and get down a new epoch of peace and equality. The first specific end set under MDGs was to cut down utmost poorness and hungriness, second was to accomplish cosmopolitan primary instruction, 3rd to advance gender equity and empower adult females, 4th to cut down kid mortality, fifth to better maternal wellness, sixth to battle HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases, seventh to guarantee environmental sustainability and eight to develop a planetary partnership for development. Primary educational development is the 2nd end to accomplish after eliminating hungriness and poorness. To put the universe on a new class of patterned advance, rich and hapless state, old and new, had signed a declaration. The human race had ne’er done much corporate attempt and possible to make good earlier in history. Declarations can be signed but merely as easy forgotten. In todays life of international political relations due to planetary economic and societal unstability, precedences change fast and committednesss are delayed. As a state, it is our duty to fall in together and to contend against this planetary war. It can be our coevals that eliminates illiteracy and make a universe for every adult male. It can be our coevals who can supply a way of success and bright hereafter for the following coevalss. Governments are answerable to the people they govern and it ‘s those people, you and me, who have the ability to do certain they keep their committednesss. So far the current rate of advancement for Millennium development ends to be fulfilled by 2015 is difficult.If we want to, we can do a difference by fall ining with each other to do our voice count. Our ballot counts and so does our voice. So Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s do our difference to the state today and do illiteracy history. These are the several grounds which hinder the accomplishment of MDGs for instruction will be focused but other of import variables will non be ignored. All these elements have been identified in this research paper and are given in item. Though Pakistan has run through a political convulsion every bit good as natural catastrophe like temblors of 2004-5 and inundations of 2009 has atrocious and atrocious after effects on the economic system every bit good as societal substructure of Pakistan. Yet we as a state should non give up and go on to our best to accomplish these MDGs. 1.4 Importance of subject for Academic governments: The research paper has its graduated table and importance. It has a really broad range and its graduated table of importance is besides huge. The subject has its importance globally as this job is non the job of one state but it is a planetary issue and has a planetary position. A batch of work has been done in this respects but still there is a demand to trap indicate the jobs until no proper action is being taken. This research investigates the accomplishment for educational MDGs in Pakistan, placing the jobs, issues and hinderances in non accomplishing the coveted ends and proposing some recommendations to accomplish the targeted ends. This paper, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . Ministry of instruction has gained importance and is playing a really fruitful and ruling work in the society. Students and instructors are making research on such subjects ; it will assist them understand good the job. 1.5 Cardinal Definitions: The definitions of of import nomenclatures or words are as follow: Footings Glossary/Operational Definition Education The act or procedure of educating ; the consequence of educating, as determined by the cognition accomplishment, or subject of character, acquired ; besides, the act or procedure of preparation by a prescribed or customary class of survey or subject. ( www.brainyquote.com/words/ed/education158399.html ) Primary instruction It is most frequently referred to as simple instruction, which is normally composed of classs one through six. The chief intent of primary instruction is to give kids a strong foundation in the rudimentss of a general course of study, with an accent on reading and math. ( www.ehow.com †º Education †º K-12 †º K-12 Basics ) 1.6 Study aim: This survey attempts to reexamine and analyze the state ‘s specific policies, plans, bing commissariats and schemes which have been adopted to accomplish the millenary development end to guarantee that by2015 every individual male child and miss will be able to finish full class of primary schooling. Furthermore, the survey besides suggests some recommendations and looks at the different factors that have an impact in accomplishment of these ends. To analyze the impact of the Net primary registration ratio ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the completion / endurance rate grade 1 to 5 ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the GPI ( Gender para index ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the consequence of the Public outgo as % of gross domestic product on instruction on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the Pupil-teacher ratio on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that Poverty rate has significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of Non formal instruction ( deeni madrasas ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the insignificant/significant impact of population aged ( 0-14 ) ( % of entire ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that primary instruction instructors ( % of females ) has a significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of low weight babes on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of figure of primary schools on literacy rate spread. How to cite Importance Of Primary Education For Childern Analysis Education Essay, Essay examples

Impact of Plastic Debris -Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the the Impact of Plastic Debris on the Marine Ecosystem. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the assignment is to study the impact of plastic debris on the marine ecosystem. The study is based on three literary sources. The first source is the video titled Plastic Paradise by media journalist Angela Sun, which speaks about the Midway Inlands in the Pacific Ocean and the devastating level of plastic debris, which collect on and around its shores. The second literary case is an article published in the English newspaper the Daily Mail by Liberatore which speaks about the immense quantities of plastics which reach the ocean along the biggest rivers in the world (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). The book by Charles W. Hill mentions current events like globalisation and international trade. An analysis of these three cases shows that though they look unrelated, they are heavily related to each other. It is this relatedness between these three literary sources, which make it important to combine them to realise the full meaning and benefit from them. Sun in her article speaks ab out the devastating impact plastic debris has on the marine ecosystem. She states that birds, fishes and other marine mammals due to suffocation and poisoning by the plastic. These have devastating impact on the industries like fishing and restaurant, which obtain raw materials from these marine animals. The plastic break down into minute pieces, which are embedded into the bodies of the marine animals, and finally the human beings who eat these animals. Moreover, the nets of nylon destroy coral reefs, which form sources of food for the ecosystem and medicines for fatal diseases like cancer (Holm, Eriksson Johanson, 2015). The minute pieces of plastic enter human bodies and causes hormonal imbalances, brain damage and finally death. It is thus huge scale of pollution by plastic and its devastating impacts on all living things including man make the matter through the literary sources important to study (Arora et al., 2017). Thus, the impact of this large-scale pollution due to plas tic and plastic nets is poisoning of the coral reefs. Fishes that in turn get the minute plastic pieces in their bodies consume the poisonous corals. These minute pieces enter the human bodies when they these fishes. The plastic damages the physiological systems in the body leading towards death. Thus, the impact of the plastic pollution in the oceans is nemesis for all the living creatures on earth including man (Padhy Mishra, 2015). An analysis of the video by Sun and the article by Liberatore shows that a major portion of debris is composed of bottles, air condition parts, boxes and other packages. It can be pointed out that this immense amount of packages belongs to goods produced by the FMCG companies all round the world. The consumers of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) consume the products and dump their plastic packages into rivers. These excessive applications of plastic in the FMCG goods have made the FMCG industry to the target industry for the study on impact of plastic on the oceans (Zheng, 2013). Current events: The current events mentioned of the three literary sources consists of a video available Youtube called Plastic Paradise, a newspaper article from the international English language daily, the Daily Mail on river pollution caused due to plastic and a book. The name of the book is International Business by Charles W. Hill, University of Washington. The sections that follow would analyse and discuss the similarities and differences between the book, the video and the newspaper article. Differences and similarities between the three literary sources: There are several similarities and differences between the three literary sources the author has chosen namely, the video, the newspaper article and the book. The following two sections would analyse these differences and similarities: Differences between the three literary sources: The first difference between the Youtube video, the Daily Mail article and the book is their area of coverage. The video titled Plastic Paradise deals with dumping plastic in the oceans and how the ocean currents go in circular forms washing these plastic dump up to the shores of surrounding landmasses both large continents and small islands. The video concentrates more on the Pacific Ocean and the Midway Islands in it, which has earned the name Plastic Island owing to tonnes of plastic debris, which the currents wash up the islands shores (youtube.com, 2017). The article in the Daily Mail speaks about the herculean scale of river pollution in the main rivers across the world due to plastic dumps. The article, unlike the video concentrates mainly on the ten main rivers on earth like Yang Tze and the Ganges, which add ninety percent of the oceans plastic content. The book does not speak about pollution due to plastic in water bodies, instead speaks about globalisation, economic develo pment and religions (Hill, 2017). The second point of difference between the three literary sources lie in their treatment of the topics they explain. The video speaks about the dangerous effect plastic is having on the environment, oceans and the living things. The video spans across diverse topics like plastic production, use of plastic, its impact on the marine creature, how it enters the food chains and finally how it devastates the bodies of living organisms. The video clearly shows how presence of plastics in the fishes and marine creatures harm the industries like restaurant industries around the world to which these creatures function as raw materials. It, in other words shows how irresponsible profit making propensity of one industry namely the gas and chemical industries making plastics prove harmful for other industries namely, the restaurant and the fishing industry in the long run. The book treats diverse range of topics namely globalisation, international trade and marketing. The book does not speak abo ut pollution but globalisation, which is one of the leading causes of pollution (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). Similarities between the literary sources: The first similarity between the three literary sources is that they speak about pollution. The video shows that multitude of marine pollution in oceans namely the Pacific Ocean due to plastic debris from the economic giants Asia and North America. The video also attribute the inflow of plastic articles like bottles, cans and packages mostly from the fast moving consumer goods to the ships and boats voyaging the oceans (Jambeck et al., 2015). The newspaper articles too point out to the multitude of pollution due to plastic in the rivers and ultimately to the seas and oceans. Thus, it can be analysed that the newspaper indirectly speaks about the enormous amount of plastic items, which find ways into the oceans. The article in fact, concludes with the mention of the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean, the main feature the video. This shows that the article from the Daily Mail and the video actually point at the same point which is, impact of plastic debris on marine environment and consequently to all living things on earth including man (trach Wiesinger, 2015). The book speaks about topics like globalisation and market entry strategies. One can point out that globalisation has led to rapid industrialisation which in turn leads to generate unimaginable amount of sewage. It can be pointed that industries like FMCG have entered virtually every economy and cater to the global consumer base. These industries use enormous amount of plastic for packing and packaging their products. Thus, globalisation and expansion of industries like FMCG has led to outflow of enormous amount of plastic into the rivers and finally the oceans. Thus, the book indirectly speaks about pollution of water bodies like rivers and oceans (Srinivasan Lu, 2014). The second similarity between the video, article and the book is that they speak about management of resources in sustainable ways. The video shows that irresponsible actions of the plastic companies producing plastic goods, FMCG companies who use it to package and pack their products and the consumers who use both the items devastate the biomes on the earth, slowly and gradually. It states that the minute pieces of plastic gradually enter the food chains when fishes and marine creatures eat them which either causes their death or makes them unfit for human consumption. This deteriorating quality of the fishes is raking havoc on the industries like restaurant, marine food, fishing and tourism. Thus, in other words, industries are able to affect each other through their actions (Padhy Mishra, 2015). The newspaper speaks about how these industries dump plastic, which flows out into the oceans. An analysis of the article clearly point out how lack of sustainable sewage disposable metho ds in the factories situated on the rivers ultimately lead to ocean pollution. For example, the plastic sewage of the Ganges ultimately pollutes the Indian Ocean and the plastic discharge of the Yang Tze pollutes the Pacific waters. The book also speaks about human resources, globalisation and international trade, all of which promote responsible operation of companies in crucial areas like sustainability (Eriksen et al., 2013). Political orientation behind the perspective of the materials originator: There are no clear political intentions, which made the authors of the video, newspaper article or the book, which motivated them to form these three literary sources. It is maker of the video have similar inclination. Their inclination was to create awareness about the devastating effect plastic has on the marine life and consequently on the entire ecosystem. The inclination of Charles W. L. Hill to write the book is to educate the readers, chiefly the university students on globalisation and related topics like international trade. The author of the newspaper article by Stacy Liberatore does not bear any political inclination since the author apparently has no political background. The main narrator of the video Plastic Paradise-the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, Angela Sun, is a media journalist. The video apparently does not show any intention to politicise pollution. Thus, it can be summarised from the discussion that the authors of the literary sources namely, the British daily, the video and the book have no political orientation (Vegter et al., 2014). The authors of the newspaper article, video and the book are Stacy Liberatore, Angela Sun and Hill respectively. They apparently have no political orientation behind writing or making these videos and articles. First, the author of the newspaper article, Liberatore is apparently a homemaker who works as a freelancer and lives in America. She in the article in the English daily expresses serious concern about the devastating impact plastic debris is having on the rivers. She pointed out that the rivers in the world like the Ganges of India and the Yang Tze of China with largest discharge of water carry with them millions of tonnes of plastic debris into the ocean they flow. She concluded the article by mentioning the Midway Islands, which has earned the name Plastic Island wing to the immense amount of plastic debris the Pacific Ocean has washed up its shores (Sirirat, 2017). The main narrator of the video Angella Sun is a media journalist who apparently does not showcase any kind of political orientation. She introduces several environmentalists like Charles Moore and Dr Susan Freinkal in her video, which shows her intention of gaining strong participation of the environmentalists. The video clearly shows her strong intention of creating awareness in the society regarding the fatal impacts of presence of plastics in the marine ecosystem and gradually into the global food chainb (Eriksen et al., 2014). Charles W. L. Hill is an academic expert and world famous professor having experiences of teaching in some of the most reputed universities in the United States. After conducting an analysis of the backgrounds of the three authors, one can arrive at the decision that they have no political intention. Development of awareness and knowledge about the video, article and book: The cases presented in the article by Liberatore, the video by Sun and the book by Hill help in development of awareness and knowledge in the society. These literary sources complement each other and strengthen each others messages. Liberatore in the article published in the English daily spoke about the dangerous level of plastic effluents the major rivers carry to the oceans (dailymail.co.uk, 2017). Sun in her video clearly shows that harm plastic debris can do to marine life. She clearly points out the danger plastic debris pose to the ecosystem of the oceans and the world as whole. Hill in the book spoke one of the most spectacular current events which has escalated the level of pollution by infinite levels, globalisation. Hill, in his book deals in concepts like globalisation and international trade. It can be pointed out that globalisation and uncontrolled international trade are the reasons for pollution (Hill, 2017). This discussion shows that the three literary articles comp lement each other. Takeaways from the assignment: An comparison and contrast between the three literary sources namely, the newspaper article, the book and the video provide three assignment take aways or lessons about the devastating impact of plastic debris. The following section would discuss the three learnings form the point of view of the FMCG industry: Plastic debris is harmful to marine life: The plastic debris float consisting of containers of FMCG products and fishing nets float in the ocean water. The marine animals are trapped in them and are either killed or injured. The macro plastics items like nylon fishing nets destroy coral reefs and disturb the food chain permanently. These big pieces of plastic break into smaller or even invisibly small plastic pieces, which become a part of the body component of the marine animals and ultimately the consumers of them including man (Unnamalai, 2017). The FMCG companies and the consumers should use and dispose plastic responsibly: The video by Sun shows that the mass of debris on the Midway Island is composed of bottles, packages and other plastic articles, which the FMCG industry uses to pack and package goods. The industry should use plastic more responsibly by recycling the plastic pieces discarded. They must create awareness among the consumers about the fatal impact of plastic accumulation in the environment. This would result in decrease in the disposal of plastic in the oceans. Plastic causes harmful impact on the human body: The book by Hill states that globalisation and foreign trade have resulted in production of goods in large scale, which has in turn multiplied pollution. Sun in her video clearly states that the enormous amount of plastic the industrial sector and the consumers use finds its way in the marine food chain. Liberatore states that the rivers also contribute to the marine pollution. The micro plastic particles enter the bodies of the fishes and the body of men to who consume those fishes. The plastic disrupts the normal working of human body by causing hormonal imbalance and diseases like cancer. Thus, plastic accumulation in the ecosystem can lethal to all living organisms including man (Padhy Mishra, 2015). Conclusion: The discussion above shows how devastating pollution can be to the living world including man. It shows that plastic debris from the industrialised nations, which reach the oceans directly or indirectly along rivers, are capable of devastating marine life. They destroy the marine eco-system, which influence the entire food chain. The microforms of plastic make fishes and marine creatures unfit for use in the restaurants and by domestic consumers. Thus the plastic pollution have gives fatal blows to the industries which depend on marine creatures for raw materials like restaurants and fish export industry. The discussion shows that companies producing and using plastic should dispose plastics more responsibly by treating and recycling them. The consumers must reuse plastic packages and not dispose them into the rivers. This would help in reduction of devastation of marine life by plastic, save the eco system, ensure continuous flow of raw materials to the restaurant industries and ens ure sustenance of life on earth. References: Agrawal, A. D., Das, M. (2013). Green Marketing: sustainable marketing strategy.Indira Management Review,17. Arora, T., Mishra, A., Matta, G., Chopra, A. K., Kumar, A., Khanna, D. R., Kumar, V. (2017). Pollution load assessment and potential environmental risks of composite industrial effluents discharged from SIIDCUL Integrated Industrial Estate, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India.Journal of Environmental Biology,38(2), 205. Eriksen, M., Lebreton, L. C., Carson, H. S., Thiel, M., Moore, C. J., Borerro, J. C., ... Reisser, J. (2014). Plastic pollution in the world's oceans: more than 5 trillion plastic pieces weighing over 250,000 tons afloat at sea.PloS one,9(12), e111913. Eriksen, M., Maximenko, N., Thiel, M., Cummins, A., Lattin, G., Wilson, S., ... Rifman, S. (2013). Plastic pollution in the South Pacific subtropical gyre.Marine pollution bulletin,68(1), 71-76. Gross, D., Parfenov, S. (2016).Packaging Designs Impact on Sales and Supply Chain in the Consumer Goods Industry(Doctoral dissertation). Hill, C. (2017). International Business. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Holm, D. B., Eriksson, K., Johanson, J. (2015). Business Networks and Cooperation in International Business Relationships.Knowledge, Networks and Power, 133-152. Liberatore, S. (2017).Ocean Cleanup finds rivers are major culprits behind ocean pollution.Mail Online. Retrieved 6 November 2017, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4585526/Plastic-rivers-major-source-ocean-pollution-study.html Mason, S. A., Kammin, L., Eriksen, M., Aleid, G., Wilson, S., Box, C., ... Riley, A. (2016). Pelagic plastic pollution within the surface waters of Lake Michigan, USA.Journal of Great Lakes Research,42(4), 753-759. Padhy, P. C., Mishra, A. K. (2015). Green Consumerism: Catalyst for Environmental Marketing.Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment,2(3), 183-186. Plastic Paradise: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch - TM [MIRRORED]. (2017).YouTube. Retrieved 6 November 2017, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVQd1e23eJc Sirirat, P. (2017).Sustainable Management Strategies: Thailands Sustainable Plastic-Management Leading the Thai Plastic Industry Towards Becoming a Bio-Plastic Hub(Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Srinivasan, S., Lu, W. F. (2014). Development of a supporting tool for sustainable fmcg packaging designs.Procedia CIRP,15, 395-400. trach, P., Wiesinger, S. (2015). Market Entry Mode Predictors: Evidence from Austrian Companies Targeting Central European Markets. InCross-Cultural Business Conference 2015(p. 161). Unnamalai, T. (2016). A Study on Consumer Attitudes towards Green Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)(With Special Reference to Tiruchirapalli Town).International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR),6(4), 380-389. Vegter, A. C., Barletta, M., Beck, C., Borrero, J., Burton, H., Campbell, M. L., ... Gilardi, K. V. (2014). Global research priorities to mitigate plastic pollution impacts on marine wildlife.Endangered Species Research,25(3), 225-247. Vibhuti, A. K. T., Pandey, V. (2014). A case study on consumer buying behavior towards selected FMCG products.International journal of scientific research and management,2(8), 1168-1182. Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., ... Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean.Science,347(6223), 768-771. Zheng, B. J. (2013). Green packaging materials and modern packaging design. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 271, pp. 77-80). Trans Tech Publications.

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Wasps Monologue Essay Thesis A monologue from the play by Aristophanes NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Aristophanes: The Eleven Comedies. Trans. Anonymous. London: The Athenian Society, 1922. PHILOCLEON: At the outset I will prove to you that there exists no king whose might is greater than ours. Is there a pleasure, a blessing comparable with that of a juryman? Is there a being who lives more in the midst of delights, who is more feared, aged though he be? From the moment I leave my bed, men of power, the most illustrious in the city, await me at the bar of the tribunal; the moment I am seen from the greatest distance, they come forward to offer me a gentle handthat has pilfered the public funds; they entreat me, bowing right low and with a piteous voice, Oh, father, they say, pity me, I beseech you! Why, the man who thus speaks would not know of my existence, had I not let him off on some former occasion. These entreaties have appeased my wrath, and I enter the courtsfirmly resolved to do nothing that I have promised. Nevertheless I listen to the accused. We will write a custom essay on The Wasps Monologue Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Oh! what tricks to secure acquittal! Ah! there is no form of flattery that is not addressed to the court! Some groan over their property and they exaggerate the truth in order to make their troubles equal to my own. Others tell us anecdotes or some comic story from ?sop. Others, again, cut jokes; they fancy I shall be appeased if I laugh. If we are not even then won over, why, then they drag forward their young children by the hand, both boys and girls, who prostrate themselves and whine with one accord, and then the father, trembling as if before a god, begs me not to condemn him out of pity for them, If you love the voice of the lamb, have pity on my son, and because I am fond of little sows, I must yield to his daughter\s prayers. Then we relax the heat of our wrath a little for him. Is not this great power indeed? A father on his death-bed names some husband for his daughter, who is his sole heir; but we care little for his will or for the shell so solemnly placed over the seal; we give the young maiden to him who has best known how to secure our favour. Name me another duty that is so important? But I am forgetting the most pleasing thing of all. When I return home with my pay, everyone runs to greet me because of my money. First my daughter bathes me, anoints my feet, stoops to kiss me and, while she is calling me her dearest father, fishes out my triobolus with her tongue. Then my little wife comes to wheedle me and brings a nice little cake; she sits beside me and entreats me in a thousand ways, Do take this now; do have some more. All this delights me hugely. Am I not equal to the king of the gods? If our assembly is noisy, all say as they pass, Great gods! the tribunal is rolling out its thunder! If I let loose the lightning, the richest, aye, the noblest are half dead with fright and crap themselves with terror. You yourself are afraid of me, yea, by Demeter! you are afraid.

3 Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation

3 Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation 3 Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation 3 Cases of Unnecessary Punctuation By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, superfluous punctuation interrupts the flow of the sentence. Discussion and revision of each example indicates the correct treatment of the statements. 1. Smith said she regrets using the term, low-lifes, to characterize Jones’s supporters. Setting low-lifes off from the sentence implies that it is the only term in existence and, because it is equivalent to â€Å"the term,† is nonessential. (Presumably, because â€Å"the term† provides context, the sentence could stand with low-lifes omitted.) However, lowlifes is essential- Smith is explicitly mentioning the term she regrets using (â€Å"the term† cannot stand in for low-lifes; it merely describes what type of thing low-lifes is)- so no punctuation should frame the specific term: â€Å"Smith said she regrets using the term low-lifes to characterize Jones’s supporters.† 2. Consider the effect of: significant demographic changes arising from aging populations and concentrations of people in resource-stressed regions, intensifying fiscal pressures on the viability  of affected regions, political and social instability in emerging economies, scarcity of natural resources, and regulatory changes. When a list in a sentence is syntactically integrated within that sentence, do not set the list off from a lead-in phrase with a colon: â€Å"Consider the effect of significant demographic changes arising from aging populations and concentrations of people in resource-stressed regions, intensifying fiscal pressures on the viability  of affected regions, political and social instability in emerging economies, scarcity of natural resources, and regulatory changes.† (A colon is appropriate only if the lead-in phrase is an independent clause such as â€Å"Consider the effect of the following factors.†) 3. This person is authorized to evaluate the state of compliance; quality of compliance risk assessments; design and implementation of risk mitigation plans; and operating effectiveness of those plans, all in coordination with internal audit and other evaluators. In this case, some punctuation is required, but the form of punctuation used is excessive. Semicolons serve as superpowered commas when one or more items in a list is further subdivided by commas, but this sentence does not have this characteristic. A comma does occur near the end of the sentence, but it separates from the entire sentence a dependent clause pertaining to that sentence, not just the last item in the sentence: â€Å"This person is authorized to do evaluate the state of compliance, quality of compliance risk assessments, design and implementation of risk mitigation plans, and operating effectiveness of those plans, all in coordination with internal audit and other evaluators.† (Even if the dependent clause did apply only to the final item, that relationship would likely be obvious, so there would be no need to use stronger punctuation throughout the sentence.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. Further"Confused With" and "Confused About"50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Case The Coffee Shop Market Starbucks Marketing Essay

Case The Coffee Shop Market Starbucks Marketing Essay Starbucks Corporation is an international coffeehouse chain, founded in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks serves a variety of beverages including brewed coffee, tea, hot chocolate, espresso and a selection of bottled drinks. Starbucks also sells whole bean coffee and a variety of ready-to-eat snacks. The first Starbucks location to open outside of North America was in Tokyo in 1996; and from then on Starbucks became an international brand, expanding both nationally and globally. This report will attempt to examine the situation of Starbucks in Japan. It will bring out the marketing strategy to be adopted for a rise in profitability of Starbucks Japan in the next two years. In addition, it will attempt to explain the use of marketing mix to aid the chosen strategy. SWOT ANALYSIS: 1.1 STRENGTHS: 1.1.1 Strong brand image: Starbucks brand name, quality customer service and store ambience are its key strengths. It has maintained its international operations to ensure consumer recogn ition. Starbucks is renowned for its high quality products and has maintained a consistently positive consumer experience that has helped Starbucks build a strong brand image. Starbucks spends less than 1% of revenue on advertising and promotion each year which indicates they rely on an established company image (P. Ghauri, International marketing case study: Starbucks-Going Global Fast). Starbuck’s key competitor in Japan-Doutor coffee, had taken advantage of Starbuck’s brand image and copied its logo, while replicating the experience rendered to customers in its retail outlets. (Ono, 2003). This shows that the Starbucks image is a strength worth mimicking. With a well-established brand image in America, it was sure to expect recognition in the Japanese market, because the consumers there have a fondness for everything western. (http://azjatycka.wordpress.com/2009/11/05/international-marketing-strategy-of-starbucks-in-japan-success-or-a-failure/) 1.1.2 Commitment to c ommunity: Starbucks contributes a considerable amount of its resources to corporate social responsibility programs (Kotabe & Helsen, 2004). According to Butler (2006)-â€Å"CSR programs influence 70% of all consumer purchasing decisions, with many investors and employees also being swayed in their choice of companies†. As a result, Starbucks involvement in the CSR programs helps its competitiveness in the business world. 1.1.3 Widespread Presence in International Markets: Starbucks has ventured into foreign markets with astonishing pace opening its outlets in 40 countries with 2068 stores worldwide. This widespread expansion has allowed its presence to be felt across the globe. 1.1.4 Retail outlets present at convenient and accessible locations: Starbucks has opened a number of coffee shops at convenient locations like shopping malls, libraries, university campuses, office buildings etc. They are typically located in high traffic, high visibility locations.(Starbucks annual r eport, 2008) 1.1.5 Presence of a variety of food items & Beverages in addition to Coffee: Starbucks stores offer a choice of regular and decaffeinated coffee beverages, a broad selection of Italian-style espresso beverages, cold blended beverages, iced shaken refreshment beverages and a selection of premium teas. Starbucks stores also offer a variety of fresh food items, including healthier choice selections focussing on high-quality ingredients, nutritional value and great flavour. 1.1.6 Well Developed Corporate Strategy and Good Marketing skills. Weaknesses: 1.2.1 Lack of internal focus: Starbucks focuses too much on over-expansion, at times tending to ignore the problems arising within–consistent employer dissatisfaction.

Informative speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Informative speech - Essay Example rney of mankind thereafter, paper became a most handy tool for the scholars and writers to record their knowledge so that future generations could take advantage of it. All ancient manuscripts of those days were written and preserved on the pieces of paper. It was obvious that single copy of manuscript could not spread the knowledge far and wide. Knowing this fully, Chinese invented the ways and means of printing. To preserve the knowledge, paper came to be known as the most basic necessity; however, printing too occupied equally an important place without which perhaps, spread of knowledge across the world was just not possible. Block printing was developed during Tang Dynasty. To prove the point, a Buddhist book called The Diamond Sutra, is still stored in the British Library that was block printed during 868 AD of the Tang Dynasty. When sea becomes stormy and the days are cloudy, the sailor of the ship wants to sail in the right direction and then do you know what is that that he needs most urgently? You are absolutely right – it is the compass that comes to the rescue of sea sailors then. This compass is a Chinese invention and the different Chinese craftsmen were involved in making of these devices during the Three Kingdom and Southern Song Dynasty. Worlds most refreshing ancient drink is tea and do you know where it was invented? The Chinese Emperor Shan Nong in 2737 BC just accidently discovered that tea consumption provides relaxation to the mind; the drink infuses vigor and energy though at that time its use was limited for medicinal purpose rather than as a routine drink. It was only during a Song Dynasty that it got prominence as a national drink of China. Thus, it can be said that the most revolutionary inventions such as paper, printing, compass and tea were given to us by the ancient Chinese people that later occupied the most prominent roles in everyone’s

The Internet and Public Policy in Qatar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Internet and Public Policy in Qatar - Essay Example Eventually, the paper will discuss and provide a recommended plan on how this type of crime should be managed. Although Qatari government has not provided a clear definition of theft, this type of criminal act has been defined as â€Å"an unlawful act of stealing, taking, and removing of personal property with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it† (Merriam-Webster Online, 2009). Basically, â€Å"a person commits theft if he receives, retains, or disposes of the property of another knowing that it has been stolen, or believing that it has probably been stolen, with a purpose to deprive the owner thereof† (N.H. Rev. Sta. Ann.  § 637:1, 1, 1996). Although most of the existing definition of theft does not clearly state where and how the act of stealing another person’s property or information may occur, it remains clear that taking another person’s property or identity without the knowledge of Aside from the legally practicing the existing penal co de law on theft, Qatari government strongly supports the intellectual property rights (A Review of Intellectual Property-Related News and Developments in the Middle East and North Africa, 2007). For instance: The selling of pirated or selling counterfeited CDs is considered a crime related to theft. As part of Qatari government’s effort on implementing some international and regional strategies against transnational crime, an Intellectual Property Enforcement Office was recently been established. Software developers are among the common.

Exam Topics Home Ownership, Neighborhood Essay Example for Free

Exam Topics Home Ownership, Neighborhood Essay Home ownership Home ownership is one of the definitions of success in America. Generally people are judged by the houses they live in. It is not only the size and architecture of the house but also the type of neighborhood and the distance from different amenities. The progress in buying a house of ones own was steady from the 1930s right up to 2000. By 2000 69,8 million Americans lived in their own homes. But then the steady growth stopped and started falling back. By the end of the eighties the home-ownership rate had declined to 63,4 percent. Why did this happen? The basic reason for the turnaround is simply that home ownership, which was never cheap, has gotten more and more expensive. The reasons are follows. Ownership costs are increasing more than income. Cash down payments are out of any proportion as compared to what they were twenty years ago. Monthly principal (mortgage) and interes payments for a medium house are soared. Prices for homes are so inflated, particularly in good and safe neighborhoods, that tthey are beyond most peoples budget. Life-style changes are also influencing the home-ownership rate. There are more singles and childless couples who are unwilling to commit themselves to a mortgage. Steady home prices and a strong market formerly contributed to mobility, but owners can now find themselves immobilized by deflated but still expensive housing that can take a year or more to sell. Home ownership is becoming a thing of the past. Some experts predict that builders will eventually move toward smaller, more moderately priced housing demanded by many people. Owning is still far less risky than renting, since costs can be fixed with a long-term mortgage. Besides, the underlying desire to be your own boss is deeply ingrained in the American consciousness. Neighborhood Neighborhoods are an important element of the setting for a house. They may be steady or not, friendly or not, clean or not, safe or not. The list of qualifying adjectives can be endless. And still you must live with it if you have a house in this neighborhood. The ethnic origin and economic status of the people who live in the neighborhood often define it. Few neighborhoods today are static. They are constantly changing: people of different ethnic groups and economic status are beginning to live together in the same  neighborhoods. Many young professionals (doctors, lawyers, academics, etc.) move into traditionally poor neighborhoods because they can find larger and less expensive housing there. These young professionals often have money and power and they cause changes in the character of the neighborhood. This process is called gentrification. It then becomes too expensive for the poor residents and they move on. This is a way a poor, unfashionable inner city neighborhood may change into a very expensive area in the course of several years. The atmosphere of neighborhoods is also changing. Formerly one could always borrow a couple of eggs or a ladder from the friend next door. But their family has moved, and the people in there now are strangers. Some of the old sentimentality of neighborhoodliness has receded. There is no reason to have friendly ties with the people who live next door to you just because they happened to wander into a real estate office that listed the place next door to yours. The only thing neighbors have in common to begin with is proximity, and unless something more develops, that isnt reason enough to be best friends. It sometimes happens naturally, but the chances are very small that you neighbors will be your choice as friends. The best relationship with neighbors is one of friendly distance. You say hello, you make small-talk if you see them in the yard, you help each other in emergency. It is easier to produce nostalgia about a neighborhood than about a community, but a community is probably a better unit. A neighborhood is just a bunch of individuals who live in proximity, but a community is a group of people who rise above their individual limitations to get some things done for the public. The American Civil War The American Civil War, also known as the War between the States or simply the Civil War, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 between the United States (the Union or the North) and several Southern slave states that had declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America (the Confederacy or the South). The war had its origin in the fractious issue of slavery, and, after four years of bloody combat (mostly in the South), the Confederacy was defeated, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring unity and guaranteeing rights to the freed slaves began. In the presidential election of 1860, Republicans  led by Abraham Lincoln opposed expanding slavery into the territories. Lincoln won but before his inauguration on March 4, 1861, seven cotton-based slave states formed the Confederacy. Outgoing Democrat James Buchanan and the incoming Republicans rejected the legality of secession. Lincoln’s inaugural address insisted his adm inistration would not initiate civil war, leading eight remaining slave states to reject immediate calls for secession. A Peace Conference failed to find a compromise. Both sides prepared for war. The Confederates assumed that Europe was so dependent on King Cotton for its industry that they would intervene; none did and none recognized the new Confederate States of America. Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina. Lincoln called for the creation of an army to retake it; meanwhile, four border slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their total to eleven. The Union soon controlled the Border States and established a naval blockade that crippled the southern economy. The Eastern Theater was inconclusive in 1861–62. The fall 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland ended at the Battle of Antietam, dissuading British intervention. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal. To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river navy, then much of their western armies, and the Union at Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River. In 1863, Robert E. Lee’s Confederate incursion north ended at the Battle of Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant command of all Union armies in 1864. In the Western Theater William T. Sherman drove east to capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources and manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, and could afford to fight battles of attrition through the Overland Campaign towards Richmond. The defending Confederate army failed leading to Lees surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The mobilization of civilian factories, mines, shipyards, banks, transportation and food supplies all foreshadowed World War I. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 750,000 soldiers  and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40. Reconstruction. Ku-Klux-Klan Reconstruction of the Union held many promises. Black men and women in the South could move to their new home in Florida. Black refugees quickly poured into these lands. By 1865 40 thousand freedmen were living in their new home. But the opposition to the Reconstruction in the South steadily grew. In 1869 the Ku-Klux-Klan added organized violence to the whites resistance. Despite federal efforts to protect them, black people were intimidated at the polls, robbed of their earnings, beaten or murdered. By the early 1870s the failure of the Reconstruction was apparent. The Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 called for new governments in the South; it barred from political office those Confederate leaders who were listed in the Fourteenth Amendment. But the law required no redistribution of land and guaranteed no basic changes in southern social standards. Terrorism against blacks was widening. Nighttime visits, whippings, beatings, and murder became common. In time, however, the Klans purpose became not only economic (to keep the slaves) but also openly political and social. Klansmen also attacked white Republicans and school teachers who were aiding the freemen. Then in 1871 the actions of KKK moved Congress to pass two acts directed against the KKKs violence. These acts permitted the use of martial law, but they were unsuccessful in combatting the Klans activities. The Klans terror frightened many voters and weakened local party organization, but it did not stop Reconstruction. Throughout the South conventions met and drafted new constitutions. New governments were set up, and Republicans won majorities nearly everywhere. After 1877 thousands of blacks gathered up their possessions and migrated to Kansas. They were disappointed people who were searching for their share in the American Dream.

How Minority Students Struggle in College Essays -- Personal Narrative

How Minority Students Struggle in College In the lives of minority students, education is seen as essential. It’s a dream, one that we are still trying to interpret. If we know nothing else, we know that education is important because it determines the future one is going to have. The major problem is that the education of minority students before college is poor. This deficiency causes great conflict for minority students in adapting themselves to new educational habits. Lack of good study skills makes it difficult for a minority student to control one’s time management and concentration. While these students are trying to change their study habits, there is another variable that could help or distract them from fixing their weaknesses. It is true that parents and professors do have an influence upon us. These people play a big part in the education of students, but the impact of their persuasion is not always positive. Despite all the struggles that a minority student faces, I believe people in this group can find the secret to becoming educated and successful individuals. Education is exceptionally significant for a minority student. A minority student faces economic issues with his or her lower class status. There is very little money. A minority student comes from a home in which parents have a low level of education. There are not many books around while growing up. A desire to change their economic and cultural position makes education their first priority as a goal they have to reach. Life’s circumstances did not give their parents the chance to go to school. Minority students have seen first-hand how hard it is to live throughout their lives without education. These students believe that if they ed... ...an the upper class students. As a minority student, I advise that we should not let anyone put us down. That is the secret. With or without support, we should keep in mind our goal of becoming professionals in our field of study. If our interest in school is interrupted, we must maintain our deepest reasons for attending college. Looking back and reminding ourselves of our goals will help us to get back on track. College is a race that many of us are competing to win, but we are starting off behind. Minority students should keep on fighting to catch up. It is a complicated battle that consists of personal ambition, educational desire, and inner persistence. If we keep on struggling to become better individuals, we can hopefully someday free ourselves and take off these uneducated and minority labels from our backs and become part of the educated majority.

Implementation of a Health Program

The â€Å"American Cancer Society† has come up with â€Å"Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). The purpose of the aforementioned is to â€Å"reduce the risk of cancer† through â€Å"healthy food choices†, as well as, â€Å"physical activity† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11).The guidelines provided addresses questions of countless individuals who are quite confused by â€Å"several studies or news reports† which are not usually peer-reviewed or not really â€Å"official† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11).Although answering the questions would help greatly, this program of the â€Å"American Cancer Society† should still undergo a process of implementation so that people will be motivated to look deeper into the guidelines, as well as, to practice them in order to â€Å"reduce the risk of cancer† (American C ancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11).Before these guidelines are to be fully implemented, there are certain factors needed to be considered (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). Some of these factors are the following: 1) leading the implementation; 2) time frame; 3) staff qualifications; 4) staff responsibilities; 5) training; 6) supervision/support; 7) funds; and 8) advocacy (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11).Leading the ImplementationIt is very important to assign an individual to â€Å"lead the implementation† (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). The leader should be well aware of the program or guidelines and should have mastered all aspects of the guidelines (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). He or she should also be supported by those in a higher position, as well as, respected by the subordinates (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6).Time FrameAfter a leader is chosen fo r the implementation, â€Å"time-frame† should also be settled (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). This entails the time needed in training those who will play a role in the implementation of the program (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). For instance, three months is required to extensively educate and motivate the individuals who will play a part in the implementation (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6).

Mcarthur Vitamin D Milk Essay

A. 1. McArthur Farm Grove is located in the Port Saint Lucie, South Florida where the climate is tropical with regular rainfall, this causes the usual soil composition consisting of rock, sand and mud. Shapeflies terrain has been created in South Florida, helping farming situations. 2. McArthur farms consist of 8,500 cows, owned by a large corporate farm with a labor force of typical farm employees. 3. McArthur cows are fed waste milk, that contains little mastitis. In this case all bacteria needs to be killed so the cows will consume good milk. B. 1. McArthur Milk was first produced in 1929 by Neville McArthur who created his own dairy with the produce of his own 20 cows. Over time, from Vero Beach to the Florida Keys, Neville McArthur gained the trust and loyalty of many families. 2. McArthur Milk is very important to our region’s economy , being the leading brand of diary products in South Florida. Though McArthur milk plays a vital role in our economy, it is 3.Market for McArthur is not only in the United States but the Caribbean Islands and Central America. McArthur brand milk supplies to many major business such as Abaco Market, Publix, and Rams Supercenter just to name a few. C. 1. Tanker trucks are loaded with McArthur Milk to transport the milk while keeping it cool. Temperatures of the milk can not rise beyond 44 degrees F when checked or else the entire load of which the milk is in will be trashed. Trucks which transept the milk also have to be cleaned every 72 hours. A characteristic of pasteurizing the milk is use of the Calf Milk Pasteurizer, a device which brings the milk to a temperature of 162 degrees F then cools it. 2. The largest market for McArthur Milk is in South Florida. D. 1. The type of images expressed from McAuthor milk are ones that is perfect for everyone. For example an Advertisement for McArthur milk produced one year ago by Grant Baird focuses on children who act as if they are grown-ups and no matter what their family size is the McAuthor milk is perfect. The language expressed is PG, so everyone can relate with this criteria. 2. The characteristics of the targeted market are families as well as single individuals, both young and old. Children are persuaded by the flavors marketed while adults and senior citizens are targeted with the family advertisement expressed. 3. An element of the packing that coveys a sense of the market for the product is the Vitamin D label placed on the packaging of the sleeve label. This brings in consumers for the benefits of nutrition in the milk.

Tradition and Treason

Tradition and Treason Tradition and Treason Tradition and Treason By Mark Nichol Curiously, a word referring to the handing down of beliefs and customs and one pertaining to a breakdown in fidelity to a political system, which is based on beliefs and customs, though they are not antonyms, have a common etymology. This post discusses these words and several others with the same ancestor. The words listed below all derived from tradere, a Latin verb meaning â€Å"deliver† or â€Å"hand over.† That word, in turn, stems from a combination of the Latin preposition trans, meaning â€Å"over† (seen in words such as transfer and transport) and the Latin verb dare, meaning â€Å"do.† Interestingly, however, though to trade is to deliver or hand over (in return for something else), the English word trade is not related; its origin is the Germanic trade, meaning â€Å"course† or â€Å"track† and cognate with tread. (Likewise, the English verb and noun dare is from Old English, not Latin.) Tradition comes from traditionem, referring to an act of delivery or handing over; the adjectival and adverbial forms are traditional and traditionally. (Trad occasionally appears as a slang abbreviation of traditional.) Adherence to tradition is called traditionalism, and one who advocates that philosophy is a traditionalist. Extradition, meanwhile, refers to handing over, as when the authorities in one country deliver a fugitive to those in the country in which he or she committed a crime; the verb is extradite. This fugitive may very well be a traitor to the country to which he or she is being extradited. Traitor, from the Latin noun traditor by way of French, means â€Å"one who delivers,† originally in the sense of information injurious to one nation and beneficial to an antagonistic country. By extension, one who merely betrays another’s trust may be branded a traitor. The act of betrayal is called treason, and the adjectival form is treasonous (and, less often, treasonable, with the adverbial form treasonably); however, treasonously is not employed as an adverb. (Treachery and its similarly inflected adjectival and adverbial forms is a similar-looking but unrelated synonym.) Speaking of betray, that word’s root stems from tradere as well. (An act of unfaithfulness is betrayal, and the actor is a betrayer.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

What is a federal grant Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

What is a federal grant - Case Study Example Federal grants are not federal assistance or loans to individuals. A federal grant may not used to acquire property or services for the federal government's direct benefit. The 26 federal agencies offer over 1,000 grant programs annually in various categories. More than 1,000 grant programs are offered by the 26 federal grant-making agencies, and these programs fall into 21 categories. I would put together a grant committee and elect any of the categories below to learn more about specific grants and agencies. Some agencies may be listed in multiple grant categories. I would be on the grant writing committee while I was continuing my duties as a therapist on the outpatient unit. Indeed, it is my experiences on the outpatient unit that would allow me to present a convincing grant application. At this juncture, I do not require protection. The key here is to have the time for the committee and my clients. My clients come first, so I would stay after hours to effectuate the application. In applying for our grant I would have the committee begin a Letter of Intent which would cover the areas as explained below. A letter of inquiry clearly and concisely describes the project, its aims, its significance, its duration and the amount of funds required. The document should not be an excessive one, but it should include the following points.: What problem does your project address Why is this issue significant What is the relationship of the problem/issue to the Grantor's current program interests What strengths and skills does St. Luke's organization and personnel bring to this project What makes your organization the right one to conduct this project Who will lead the project I would identify key personnel and attach resumes. What does St. Luke's outpatient unit intend to demonstrate or prove We would intend to prove that therapy for the outpatient clinic is far more meaningful to the client and the therapist when there is a full staff of therapists. What means will St. Luke's use The means to be used by St. Luke's would be the funding and trained retired social workers. (Gebo, 2006) I select r etired social workers because they would have not only the certification and training for this project, they would have the time! What outcome does St. Luke's expect, both immediate and long term Thus, I am assisting with the grant letter of intent on my breaks between therapy sessions. 3. Persons that I Would Include On My Action Team and the Capital That They Bring I would bring in the Director of Finance, the Director of Administration and the Head of the Outpatient Program. The Director of Finance can specifically state what monies are needed and how they can be applied. The Director of Administration can discuss how to implement the money to the program so that the outpatient program gets the direct benefit of the grant. The director of the outpatient program is crucial because they know precisely how the grant should be applied to the program. They know at what points extra staff need to be hired and they know what credentials they require in the additional staff. (Gebo, 2006) 4. The Task of the Action

In your opinion, what have been or are currently the three (3) Essay

In your opinion, what have been or are currently the three (3) greatest challenges for the United States in translating its mili - Essay Example In the years following its inception the military has always faced a number of challenges ranging from ethical, climatic to financial. The paper seeks to identify three such challenges faced by the U.S. army in the context of two wars. The paper also aims at identifying how far has these challenges translated the political outcomes in case of two specific wars. The Challenges The military capability of the U.S is definitely unmatched by any other state. The wars in which the U.S has been involved as often been as a result of an on the nation itself or as result of clash in opinions. This was evident after the 9/11 attacks when potential threats to the homeland and the measures to counter it were considered in full swing (Challenges to Military Operations in Support of U.S Interests, 2008, p.3). The war with Iraq in 2003 was justified by the Bush government as a measure to protect the homeland because they thought Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait as a potential threat to U.S interests (Knecht, 2010, p.113). On the other hand the involvement of America in the Vietnam War was questioned not only by the rest of the world but also by the American citizens themselves. Critical Thinking There is a domain of reasoned opinion between the world of facts and opinion. Nobody is a perfect decision maker. Numerous cognitive biases distort our judgment, and the heuristics, or mental short cuts, our minds use to deal with complexity can sometimes lead us astray. In addition, we are prone to making errors in logic which lead us to faulty conclusions. Overconfidence may lead us to overestimate the soundness of our judgment. Here logic gets more priority than emotions and both process and outcome are equally important. Reasoned opinion is often a source of discomfort because we fail to understand it and hence sense of evaluation and logic should prevail. In the modern age one has to possess these skill and proper approaches are required to learn. One such approach is critical thi nking which is very crucial. The concept of critical thinking is very important and it also finds an important place in the army. It has become synonymous with military education as it is considered to be an essential tool for operating in a complex and dynamic world (Emilio, 2000, p.4). Critical thinking is important as it helps a person to analyze a situation more analytically and to take the decisions accordingly. It enables a person to be more competitive in dealing with arguments and different situations (Brink-Budgen, 2002, p.16). Such critical thinking becomes crucial in the army also has here decision needs to made not on emotion but logic and this creative approach will enable â€Å"the potential of digitized approach† (Bonn, 2005, 106). Critical thinking refers to improvement of one’s judgment. One might assess the information on a PowerPoint slide in a Pentagon briefing, browse a newspaper article, or take part in a conversation with an Iraqi mayor; critical thinking indicates purposeful cognizant and suitable relevance of thoughtful cynicism (Gerras, 2006, p 12) . Ethics Ethics are basically standards which one should follow and they are based on values. It has become one of the challenges in the U.S army and it is threatening the political stability of the government. The violent combat between human beings has always resulted in the loss of humanity. Morality and ethics in humans were also there in the past and

Poverty, Hunger, and Homelessness Research Paper

Poverty, Hunger, and Homelessness - Research Paper Example Poverty, Hunger, and Homelessness According to Nelson, the climate change is one of the roots of poverty among communities. This is because it results in hunger, droughts, and floods. Lack of shelter is a global challenge and comes from an inadequate income which does not allow people to afford the available housing. Conflicts, overpopulation, natural disasters are among the factors that lead to hunger, poverty, and homelessness in underdeveloped countries. Criteria of Poverty and Homelessness Poverty may not always refer to the lack of financial resources only. Poverty goes beyond the amount of money that one owns. Several measures that constitute the criteria for identifying poverty among people have come up. The measurement and analysis of the poverty level proves its significance for analytical, cognitive, and policy-making purposes, as well as for evaluating and monitoring purposes. Various concepts of well-being exist, and this report focuses on three of its aspects. Firstly, the poverty state where an individu al possesses inadequate resources to meet their daily needs. It is based on the comparison of individual’s income, consumption, education, and other constituents. Secondly, this report focuses on inequality in the distribution of income among the population. This argument is based on evaluating the premise that in the society individuals occupy different positions. Finally, the welfare-being evaluation of the overall level of inequality, in terms of monetary and non-monetary dimensions of the population, shows the poverty level (Coundouel 77). The World Bank estimates that in developing countries, millions of families survive on 1.25 dollar a day or less. In addition, it indicates that poverty and hunger results from poor economic and political systems in a country. The federal government uses the income threshold to establish the poverty level in a community. The Census Bureau for Statistical Purposes uses the thresholds to establish poverty. According to Coundouel (78), the government classifies people according to â€Å"their residence, ethnicity, and other demographic characteristics†. A state of homelessness is when a person does not have a permanent residence. Poverty Level in Terre Haute According to the United States Bureau of Statistics and Census, the poverty level in Terre Haute is estimated at 25.2%. Indiana ranges around 14% when compared to the national poverty level of 15%. According to Nelson (24), the poverty level in Terre Haute exceeds Indiana’s average and the national average. The Indiana’s government uses a below the poverty line as an economic benchmarking and a poverty threshold. This shows that a majority of the population lives in poverty. Homelessness Level in Terre Haute Homelessness in Terre Haute is at seven percent with Indiana’s homelessness at eleven percent. The high rate of homelessness is immensely contributed to by inadequate finances and inadequate incomes which do not allow people to aff ord building of good housing. The National Shelter Shelter rate comparison between Terre Haute and Indiana shows that Indiana rates exceed those of Terre Haute. Fifty eight percent of homeless people in America live in shelters and makeshift housing. The financial and economic crisis in America has led to the increasing rate of poverty and hunger. In 2011, over seventeen million people faced a crisis of food shortage. Arguably, the poverty level in America ranged around fifteen percent in the same year of 2011. The United

The two directors Baz Lurhman Essay Example for Free

The two directors Baz Lurhman Essay The two directors Baz Lurhman and Zefferelli both presented the style, pace, tone and mood of the two Shakespeare film in different ways. Baz Lurhman version of the pace is slow. The pace for this version is slow due to a lot of time spent on the opening scene. It focuses on telling us about the film and what its about and also the view of where it was set and not to forget it also spends time on telling us about the two sworn enemies and their characters. The mood is dark, aggressive and more dramatic because after the prologue the music hits you and the tone of voice was like a loud speaker beaten with extreme energy into the atmosphere. Whereas Zefferelli version was in the 16th century and it follows the script of Shakespeare the way it was wrote. Although the pace is fast, this could be because in the opening scene they got on with the play by using low camera angle shots. They choose to stick to the normal text draw for your sword even though its a gun. In the first scene the mood was aggressive. However In the other scenes it was tenser and calm and more romantic due to its focuses on Romeo and Juliet. Also, on the opening scene the tone was harsh and deep to start with to develop the feud between the two sworn enemies. Overall the tone is soft and sharp to build more effect on their romantic love scenes. Their way of style was addressed in a 16th century way to follow the script of Shakespeare; you could tell by the way they were dressing, who had high status and low status. Whereas the characters in Baz Lurhman wore modern clothes and more casual wear to what people would wear now because the style and play was set in the 21st century. The first version of the Prologue was presented to us with a small old television with a blacked out background. The woman voice draws your attention in with its calm tone of voice, which tells us in a news form of way what the two sworn enemies are like and also a brief information about the two lovers Romeo and Juliet. The second version of the prologue starts with a chorus which describes the two sworn enemies in the city of Verona in an aggressive form of way. It flashes us clips about the city and the impressions the viewers are giving about Verona Beach is that the place is not a safe place to be. During the flashing of clips u see a man been held down on a mattress by a police man. Every clips of it shows a gun. The city doesnt look like an Italian city it was made to look like New York. This prologue also lets us know that they catholic. The form of text they used was white text on black screen, using newspaper to show lines of the prologue. The sort of music played in this sequence was a dramatic music and orchestra music been played. Although in this prologue it was a male voice been used, the tone of voice was deep but told in bold written on a newspaper with characters pictures on it. The third version of the prologue is presented very far and the sorts of expression shown on the face of the Capulet parents were sad and also were the Montague parents. The expression shown on Mercutio face was him feeling or ready to kill someone. In this sequences the two important characters were not shown this could be due to their innocents and both of them not seen each other as enemies. However Zefferelli version didnt have a prologue the director just shows us a high angle short of the Italian city and market, then shows the characters with a low angle short then you hear their voices. Images of violence and the characters are seen as gangsters. The presentation of the feud between the two families are you could see by the facial expressions that they dont like or agree with one another. Capulet ask for a fight then one of the Montague men was forced to draw for his sword then the fight gets more serious and fights develops with pushing, shoving among peasants, then they ring the big bell to inform the others that theres a big fight then people get more involved. Sword fighting, rocks thrown above, vegetables thrown and wrestling to the floor. Tybalts character in the Zefferelli is betrayed as the leader of the gang. You see him without shot of his feet and moving up to his face with his gang behind him in a triangle formation which shows that is an important character. His also aggressive and hard hearted doesnt have any pity for no one apart from themselves. Hes also very mocking, likes making fun and gesture of people. Whereas on the Baz Lurhman, his betrayed as a arrogant man and a low angle screen shot to show us his Cuban hill shoes in a cowboy form of way but metal and big. Then the camera shows his clothes with a western music on the background which links to what his wearing. A leather jacket used to let us viewer know his religious because inside the jacket theirs a big image of Jesus on the inner clothe he was wearing. In my point of view I think his vain and fashionable. His character is showing has confident, arrogant and sharp, you can tell by the way he holds his gun. He holds it in a calm and cool way, knows that his in control and a well known leader and a very good sharpshooter. Once is sword is drawn its something to be feared of. The way he also walks is cool calm and collected. The presentation of the two versions is both equally dramatic even though Zefferelli fight scene shows more chaos and bloodshed. But they both show the anger between both families clearly. The directors expectation is trying to capture young viewer especially student, trying to bring Shakespeare to life. In conclusion I would rather watch Baz Lurhman due to his understanding of kids. He knew what kids of now days like so he made it spectacular, sexy and fashionable. Tim Adesunloro Mrs Hulbert.

Role-play area increase childrens oral language

Role-play area increase childrens oral language My interest for this research stemmed from my passion for drama and my belief that it can enhance childrens learning experience. However, within the research school, teachers planned collaboratively and the use of drama did not suit lessons planned. This led to a developing interest in childrens play within the role-play area and the potential it had in enabling children to acquire language. The potential of the role-play corner is supported by Sylva et al (1980) who believe that the richest conversations within the Foundation classroom occur within the home corner. During my research I found that I strongly agreed with Moyles (2005) opinion that play is not employed within the primary classroom despite recommendations that this should be the case due to the range of potential it provides. Before changes were made to the role-play area during the research I felt that children were not using the area to its full potential and the research carried out aimed to resolve this by encouraging teachers to use this area in enhancing childrens learning. Therefore, the research carried out aimed to show the important role the role-play area plays within primary education and enabling children to acquire oral language. The study further aims to bring to light elements within the role-play area that will enhance childrens experience within the role-play area and ensure they are engaging with new vocabulary. The study was based in a large school with 300 children on roll and 30 teaching staff in Oxfordshire. The research was carried out in a mixed Year 1 and 2 class which consisted of 30 children for a period of five weeks. The following chapter aims to explore previous research within the areas of language acquisition and how the role-play area can enhance childrens language acquisition. Literature Review 2.1 Looking at language acquisition Language acquisition occurs as children learn a language and outlines the stages they progress through to achieve speech (Clark 2009). The first stage looks at sounds, words, meanings and construction which moves onto knowing when and where to use language and incorporating it into everyday life (Clark 2009). There are three main theories that look at how children acquire their language skills and at what age this starts to develop. The Behaviourist view states that children develop language skills through imitating their parents and later reinforce these skills (Eyres 2007). Nativists believe that children find language to be instinctual as children often hear incomplete sentences as they grow up and impose structures they have overheard on their own speech (Eyres 2007). Chomsky (cited in Wilson 2008) believes that children have a Language Acquisition Device that refers to an area of the brain which allows for children to learn and use language from a young age. Chomsky agrees with the Nativist theory in that children make use of rules they overhear in adult speech within the first few years of life and therefore their ideas on language structures constantly change and adapt to suit a more mature view of language grammar (Wilson 2008). The third theory about language acquisition is that of Interactionalists. They argue that children learn from the community around them and that babies start to pick up conventions of communication and their learning is developed through encouragement by adults, lending their support and interpreting sounds (Eyres 2007). However, other research suggests that infants are pushed to learn a language in order to share meaning and communicate with those around them and relationships with their carers engages them in a world of a specific language (Whitehead 2007). Brumfit (1984) states that there is a lot of research that was carried out on acquiring language but it is important to note that it is impossible to be able to isolate childrens language experiences from processes of interaction in their early years. Wells (1979) stands out for researching language acquisition and examines how adults support and assist children in their conversations by expanding on their contribution. Although this research is dated, the significance it still holds in this area should be noted as it the theories are commented on and developed by Wilson (2008) who states that Wells research suggests that children benefit mostly from one-to-one discussions with adults about topics that concern and interest them and the quantity of language experience children have is crucial to their language development. Vygotsky and Bruner (cited in Wilson 2008) believe that adults and older children play an important role in aiding young childrens language development. They further argue that children need first-hand experience with language through small group or one-to-one interactions with adults and engaging in talk about shared experiences and talking for a variety of purposes (Wilson 2008). Goodwin (2005) believes that speaking and listening opportunities are essential aspects within the Early Years and this is clearly shown throughout the strands of the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum (DCSF 2008). Sylva et al (1980) argue that the richest conversations within Foundation classrooms occur in the home corner. Moyles (2005) believes that although play has mainly been used as a teaching strategy in the Early Years, recommendations have been made about implementing it into Key Stage One and Two classrooms due to the worth it holds for a wider age range. Some schools and teachers have taken this advice and set up a transitional classroom which integrates the Early Years approach with traditional classroom practice (Harris 2003). 2.2 Using the role-play area to develop childrens oral language acquisition Children require first-hand experiences of language when acquiring language through experiences with their peers and adults in different situations (Vygotsky and Bruner cited in Wilson 2008). Goodwin (2005) writes that watching through watching their peers, children can observe different models of language which they can implement on their own. Although this research relates to the opportunity to critically observe drama performances, it lends itself to the idea of children experiencing new language through their peers. During pretend play, children use their real life and imaginary experiences as a basis for their language and learning, while starting at their own level (Moyles 1989). This is further supported by McArthur (1983) who believes experiences within language classrooms should relate to real-life situations that occur beyond the classroom walls. The use of pretend play within the role play area further develops language use as it encourages expressive speech to occur as objects may take on a different role during play and these ideas need to be made clear to all participants of play (Marjanovic-Umek and Lesnik-Musek 2001). Experiences within the role play area further provide meaningful contexts for children by letting them use language in ways they can identify, respond and learn from as they become active and interactive users of language (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Within the role-play area this often occurs through children pretending to be adults and this enables them to experience situations from a new perspective (Clipson-Boyles 1998). When children take on these roles they often imitate adult speech patterns (Tassoni and Husker 2005) and this argument is further developed by Andersen (1990) who states that adult language features can be clearly identified when children start to imitate adults around them. Through this experience children assimilate new vocabulary through portraying different roles (Tassoni and Husker 2005), as well as developing the social skills required to play these roles (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Due to this, teachers need to ensure children are introduced to new situations and Bedrova and Leong (2003) further argue that as childrens repertoire of roles begins to grow they acquire a wide range of vocabulary to suit each role and therefore it is essential that children are encouraged to play different roles. When entering new contexts and situations, new and different demands are made on language use and therefore new language can be used and developed effectively (Byron 1986). Furthermore, it is important that children are introduced to new settings and experiences in order to engage them with high-level play (Bedrova and Leong 2003). However, it is important to note that children often revert to playing family roles, even within a new area, as they are familiar and comfortable with these roles (Bedrova and Leong 2003). When children are introduced to a new theme within the role-play area, they engage with and use new vocabulary which would be appropriate for the theme and situation they are acting out (Bedrova and Leong (2003). Bedrova and Leong (2003) believe that when children use new words within their play it shows that the children understand the meaning of the words they are using and are able to master the vocabulary within the meaningful context of play. While children are practicing their language and discussing the play they will engage in, the teacher should step in to prompt children to use the vocabulary they have learnt (Bedrova and Leong 2003) Teachers may create stimulating and exciting role-play areas that contain a variety of quality resources however, when a role-play area is kept the same for several weeks childrens experiences are unlikely to be move the child forward past free and directed play modes (Moyles 1989). Due to this children should be aware that the time they spend within the role-play area is limited (Clipson-Boyles 1998). When introducing a new and exciting role-play area there should be some opportunity for free-play to occur before teacher direction is implemented to provide children with a direction to explore other dimensions and extend their learning (Moyles 1989). However, Bedrova and Leong (2003) believe that teacher intervention should occur before children access the role-play area in order to raise the level of play occurring within the classroom. Talk is an essential element within play as children use it constantly, either when talking to themselves, others and even toys and playthings (Moyles 1989). Although the use of role-play is beneficial, the quality of learning that occurs is limited by the quality of the resources available to children (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Bodrova and Leong (2003) concur with this statement and believe the use of a variety of props and objects provide children with the best opportunities to practice their language. Moyles (1989) further develops this argument by stating that if play is structured by the materials and resources that have been made available the quality of play occurring will be dependent on the quality, quantity and variety of resources being provided. However, Martin and Dombey (2002) argue that the quality and richness of play language arises from children managing tensions when creating a play world, the storylines and multiple identities they create as they strive to have their voice heard. Therefore, teachers should look at childrens language while they are in role and out of role (Martin and Bombey 2002). The practical element of play within the role-play area aids the development of language acquisition as play provides intense motivation for young children to learn while they play (Chambers 1999) while also allowing children the option of either repeating or varying the language being used (Cook 2000). Therefore the role-play area provides children with a wealth of opportunities to develop language through play (Tassoni and Hicker 2005). However, a crucial element in using the role play area in developing language is the important role the teacher plays in recognising and valuing the play which occurs within the role play area while ensuring children know they are accountable for their learning and their actions within the role play area (Clipson-Boyles 1998). Methodology Chapter The research to answer the question Does the increased use of the role-play area increase childrens oral language acquisition? was based in a large school with 300 children on roll and 30 teaching staff in Oxfordshire. The research was carried out in a mixed Year 1 and 2 class which consisted of 30 children for a period of five weeks. In order to explore and answer the question Does the increased use of the role-play area increase childrens oral language acquisition? a case study approach was taken. A case study is ideal for allowing one aspect of a problem to be examined and explored in some depth (Bell 2010). It also provides an accurate and detailed account of events, feeling and views given by real people in a real situation (Basit 2010) which is achieved in relation to this question through the use of interviews, observations and questionnaires. Due to the nature of the question, the methods used collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data is represented with numbers and provide the reader with explicit information (Denscombe 2003). In contrast, qualitative data encompasses several research methods as there is a written or oral outcome that is later interpreted (Denscombe 2003). The use of both quantitative and qualitative data reinforced the reliability and validity of the information gathered, as the accuracy of the findings increases through the implementation of different methods of investigation (Denscombe 2003) Due to the case study element of the question, as well as the benefits of collecting both qualitative data and quantitative data, the research methods of unstructured group interviews, participant observation and questionnaires were chosen. The use of a method such as document scrutiny would not have been appropriate for the research as the question was more concerned with oral language skills rather than childrens written skills. Interviews were used during the study as they were easy to adapt and allowed for the interviewer to follow up on ideas and answers which could be further developed and clarified (Bell 2010). The use of unstructured interviews allowed the interviewee to develop their own thoughts as the process was started by introducing a theme or topic from which the researcher developed their ideas (Denscombe 2003). The use of interviews suited the question as it recorded childrens views and feelings in regards to changes implemented within their classroom. These interviews were be carried out informally (Basit 2020) and created a deeper understanding of individuals ideas (Denscombe 2003). Group interviews operated at the level of those participating (Denscombe 2003). The main purpose of group interviews was for the participants to interact and respond to what the others were saying and the interviewee took a step back and tended to moderate the discussion (Bell 2010). However, the use of group interviews can be difficult, especially in scheduling when it can take place and controlling the amount of people that may be talking at once (Denscombe 2003). A limitation to group interviews is that quieter people tend to be forgotten as the more confident members take charge of the group and the answers (Denscombe 2003). Another factor that needs to be considered is that people may provide answers with are deemed as acceptable within the group and not disclose their true opinions (Denscombe 2003). Despite this, the use of group interviews allowed for the collection of opinions from children of different abilities and therefore showed how the changes affected children of diffe rent abilities. Interviews allowed for valuable insight to be gained into how the changes, which were implemented, affected childrens language acquisition. Due to the positive arguments above, and the opportunity to gain an understanding of childrens feelings and ideas towards the changes, ensured interviews were ideal for carrying out research. However, it was important to realise that the children participating may have answered questions as they felt obliged to answer, rather than how they truly felt. Further to this, on different days, children may be experiencing different emotions and this may have affected their answers during the interview. Participant observation was used during the research as this method relies on the idea that the participants being observed are unaware and act to what happens in the normal way (Denscombe 2003). This type of observation normally occurs when the observer is within the setting on a regular basis to improve their practice (Basit 2010) and was employed due to the researchers regular presence within the classroom this research method was adopted. Participant observation allowed for the researcher to note that childrens natural responses and actions within the role-play area. It further lent itself as children a method which collected unbiased data due to the researcher refraining from interfering with the participants. However, it is important to note that despite the researcher aiming to remain unobtrusive (Denscombe 2003) children may still be aware they are being watched. Questionnaires were used as a method of gathering information from other teachers who employed the role-play area within their classrooms. Questionnaires need to be carefully planned and the way in which the information gathered and interpreted needs to be considered (Basit 2010). The answers given, through the use of questionnaires, can be easily divided into opinions and facts and it is important that the researcher is able to distinguish between both views (Basit 2010). Despite this, questionnaires were used as they can offer insight into what teachers think. This allowed for information from an outside source to be collected and further validated the information collected. The questioners employ the Likert scale which asks participants to comment on how much they agree with a statement (Bell 2010) which allows for quantitative results to be collected. However, iti is important to note that answers to questionnaires can not be clarified and the researcher needs to rely on what has been written on paper (Bell 2010). Despite this, the use of a questionnaire allowed for opinions of teachers to be noted and some questionnaires were written on by the participants to further explain and give reasons for their answers. However, when filling out questionnaires the participants may provide answers they believe the researcher wants to collect rather than noting what they truly think. By using three different methods, triangulation of data occurred. This meant that different aspects were examined and the complexity of human behaviour was taken into account (Cohen at al 2000). It also reinforced the validity of the research collected as the same issue was examined from different angles (Basit 2010) through the implementation of different research methods. The methods used in the research were able to complement each other and support the findings produced but also offered some differences as the different methods were suited towards different purposes (Denscombe 2003). Triangulation further allowed for findings to be cross-checked which validated the results collected within the research (Bell 2010). Before the research was undertaken, the ethical aspects were considered and examined closely, appendix 1 (page xy). Cohen et al (2000) state that social scientists have a responsibility not only to their profession in its search for knowledge and truth, but also for the subjects they depend on for their work. Therefore, it was important the children were aware that they were being observed throughout the case study and actions were taken to consider any ethical implications. Data set Content Quantity/Quality Recording Method Unstructured group interviews The group interviews consist of six participants (one from each ability group within their separate year groups) The interviews lasted 10-20 minutes and occurred before and after changes were implemented. In total, two interviews were held with the children. Tape recorders were used when interviewing six children. Interviews were then transcribed and pplaced within the appendices (appendix 6 and 7). Participant Observation The role-play area was observed for one hour a week for five weeks. The children within the role-play area were not selected and the focus of the observation was the language being used. In total, five observations occurred. Notes made while observing the role-play area once a week. Notes written on post-it notes at all times to note use of new vocabulary used etc and then typed onto the computer and placed in the appendices (appendix 8) Teacher Questionnaires Four teachers filled out a questionnaire which asked for their opinion in how best to aid childrens language acquisition. In total, one questionnaire was filled out. Questionnaire handed out and filled in independently then handed back to researcher. These were then collected and placed into the appendix (appendix 2,3,4 and 5) Results Table 1: Questionnaire Results Question Results 1. Do you think the role-play area helps children learn and become familiar with language? Yes 100% 2. How effective is the role-play area in allowing children to develop their language? 4 66% 5 33% 3. Do you set up an area specifically to encourage children to practice and extend their learning and therefore engage in topic-specific vocabulary? Yes 100% 4. With the role-play area currently set up have you noticed children using topic related vocabulary? Yes 100% 5. If yes, how frequently is this language used? 3 33% 4 33% 5 33% 6. Are the children able to use the language correctly and in an appropriate context? Yes 66% When modeled 33% 7. For future topics, would you think about ensuring the role-play area allows for topic specific vocabulary to be used (especially in terms of science vocabulary). Yes 100% 8. How might you ensure that this is achieved? Key vocabulary displayed, teacher modeling, Sharing experiences with class, interactive resources Table 2: Interview One Results Question Key responses 1. How do you think the school room helps you learn? Lets children know more about emergency vehicle and traditional stories through questions and for others and answering questions on the wall 2. So what do you do when you were in the school room? Puppets are used to re-tell or create stories, children learnt about emergency vehicles and traditional tales but did not mention how 3. Do you use the questions on the wall to help you? No as the questions are too easy 4. Some of the questions on the wall are about traditional tales but some are about emergency vehicles. Does that confuse you? Yes as children were confused about what each question referred too 5. What kinds of words do you use? Do you use new words, words that you learnt from the stories? Or do you just talk like you normally would? Children used phrases such as The end, Once upon a time and The middle One child mentioned using adjectives 6. So what could the teachers have done to help you learn more in the school room? Teachers could have provided the correct answers so children could share and inform each other 7. So what could I change then in the school room? Questions could be trickier, could have provided more resources for the emergency vehicle section Table 3: Interview Two Results Question Key responses 1. What do you do when youre in the electricity shop? Children make circuits and discussed some of the circuits they made. One child discussed how she drew the circuit using symbols and then made it 2. How do you think the electricity shop has helped you learn? Children know how to make and draw symbols 3. So, in the electricity shop, do you look at the questions? Yes because they helped their learning and know more about electricity. No because they are not important. 4. How helpful was it to have the batteries, wires and light bulbs? Good so children could build circuits and learn independently 5. Did you find having all the electricity stuff helped you with your language? Did you use lots of words about electricity? Not really as they could have drawn them instead. Yes as you need a battery, wire and bulb to make a circuit. 6. Do you think you speak differently in the electricians shop than in the rest of the classroom? More electricity related words are used such as mains electricity, insulated wire, power stations, electricity pylons and electrocuted 7. What helped you to use all the electricity words? Anything special in the electricians shop that helped you? The questions helped, the equipment helped and the pictures that were available Table 4: Observation results Observation 1: 17/2/2011 Observation 2 : 3/3/2011 Children did not stay on task and therefore did not use new language Drawings of stories, however, story not told Child commented on light being dimmer and brighter Children talked about the parts they were using to make a circuit Children discuss breaks within a circuit Child predicted brightness of a bulb from a drawing Children use new vocabulary effectively and regularly Observation 3: 10/3/2011 Observation 4: 17/3/2011 Child discusses how some equipment uses mains electricity and the use of a switch Children discuss how crocodile clips work One child discusses how he melds lights with his father Two children discuss solar power and how most electricity comes from a power plant Children further discuss how pylon wires are insulated Children discuss why a light may not be working as the crocodile clip does not clip on the bulb holder Two children discuss how the electricity in the bulb gives off heat The dangers of electricity are mentioned and how one child could be electrocuted as he put a circuit around his neck The purpose of a switch is mentioned. One child links the word circle with circuit in describing electric flow Observation 5: 14/3/2011 Child discusses how the electricity is moving through the circuit Circuit is being made and when the bulb does not light a child mentions that a battery must be broken Child mentions she saw a traffic light being fixed and that the electricity was stopped so the electrician was not electrocuted